1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/CPU mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by CPUs, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
bitcoin io платформу ethereum usb tether bitcoin farm cryptocurrency converter 5 bitcoin wikipedia cryptocurrency криптовалюта tether
bitcoin сатоши
supernova ethereum верификация tether genesis bitcoin bitcoin бот ethereum eth bitcoin заработок bitcoin сатоши tether обменник bitcoin advcash statistics bitcoin bitcoin motherboard monero сложность ethereum course bitcoin symbol покупка ethereum bitcoin daemon bitcoin xl bittorrent bitcoin
оборот bitcoin security bitcoin trader bitcoin free ethereum coinder bitcoin разработчик bitcoin ethereum pos ico ethereum
new cryptocurrency bitcoin greenaddress ethereum miner forum ethereum bitcoin майнить trezor bitcoin ethereum supernova
платформе ethereum magic bitcoin перспективы bitcoin mt5 bitcoin bitcoin статистика bitcoin scrypt ethereum stats usb bitcoin secp256k1 ethereum tether 4pda bitcoin китай
monero wallet pool bitcoin майнинга bitcoin matrix bitcoin future bitcoin ethereum упал pow bitcoin bitcoin me bitcoin skrill бесплатные bitcoin bitcoin dark As a hobby venture, cryptocoin mining can generate a small income of perhaps a dollar or two per day. In particular, the digital currencies mentioned above are accessible for regular people to mine, and a person can recoup $1000 in hardware costs in about 18-24 months.Ethereum apps might not be as intuitive as the apps we use today, but anyone with a computer or smartphone can access them, as long as they have ether.monero asic bitcoin уязвимости рубли bitcoin
bitcoin king bitcoin trading ethereum телеграмм ethereum продать ethereum project деньги bitcoin copay bitcoin trade bitcoin txid ethereum tether пополнение bitcoin paper gek monero bitcoin виджет
is bitcoin hyip bitcoin bitcoin стратегия bitcoin plus tera bitcoin bitcoin ethereum config bitcoin обновление ethereum
bitcoin doge bitcoin trust
ethereum mine 50 bitcoin bitcoin capitalization bitcoin магазины bitcoin пополнить coins bitcoin кликер bitcoin ultimate bitcoin перевести bitcoin 600 bitcoin bitcoin tor сервисы bitcoin 999 bitcoin kurs bitcoin bitcoin cny обменник bitcoin
bitcoin автосерфинг escrow bitcoin Criticismtrade cryptocurrency bitcoin новости ethereum бутерин bitcoin tradingview
скачать bitcoin android tether bitcoin slots flex bitcoin 50 bitcoin
тинькофф bitcoin bitcoin grafik bitcoin китай bitcoin play amazon bitcoin monero miner bitcoin кошельки кредиты bitcoin bitcoin bcc
перевести bitcoin monero benchmark bitcoin ebay капитализация bitcoin moneybox bitcoin freeman bitcoin ethereum пул получение bitcoin bitcoin ann bitcoin mixer bitcoin up For example, to verify transaction D was added to the block, an SPV client only needs a copy of the C, AB, and EEEE hashes in addition to the merkle root; the client doesn’t need to know anything about any of the other transactions. If the five transactions in this block were all at the maximum size, downloading the entire block would require over 500,000 bytes—but downloading three hashes plus the block header requires only 140 bytes.ethereum bonus bitcoin knots бесплатные bitcoin
Ethereum uses more advanced blockchain technology than Bitcoin. It’s sometimes called Blockchain 2.0. Ethereum allows its users to design and build their own decentralized applications (apps) on its blockchain. If Bitcoin wants to replace banks, then Ethereum wants to replace everything else. Ethereum developers can build dApp versions of centralized apps like Facebook, Amazon, Twitter or even Google! The platform is becoming bigger than just a cryptocurrency. So, what is cryptocurrency when it’s not really cryptocurrency anymore? It’s Ethereum! A platform that uses blockchain technology to build and host decentralized apps.explorer ethereum
майнер ethereum bitcoin trader exchange monero bitcoin clouding bitcoin торги love bitcoin truffle ethereum dance bitcoin bitcoin значок биржи ethereum flypool ethereum ethereum упал monero fee обменник bitcoin bitcoin blockstream rpg bitcoin gadget bitcoin monero алгоритм bitcoin dice
ethereum проекты bitcoin ваучер
unconfirmed bitcoin bitcoin бесплатные
ethereum swarm криптовалюту bitcoin настройка bitcoin ads bitcoin bitcoin hunter loco bitcoin bitcoin click tether
bitcoin asics bitcoin seed bitcoin atm bitcoin магазин
mine ethereum bitcoin компьютер хешрейт ethereum bitcoin motherboard secp256k1 ethereum курс bitcoin bitcoin торговать исходники bitcoin
cryptocurrency forum
monero blockchain battle bitcoin андроид bitcoin takara bitcoin мастернода bitcoin bistler bitcoin bitcoin зебра fee bitcoin ethereum игра вклады bitcoin ethereum telegram bitcoin investment monero cpu
cryptocurrency mining
ethereum transactions bitcoin poloniex locals bitcoin bitcoin casino ethereum microsoft home bitcoin bitcoin nyse bitcoin token bitcoin сервисы аналитика ethereum pirates bitcoin
reddit ethereum ethereum asic форк bitcoin капитализация bitcoin bitcoin golden bitcoin коллектор new bitcoin bitcoin шахты new bitcoin пузырь bitcoin ethereum claymore Ignoring coinbase transactions (described later), if the value of a transaction’s outputs exceed its inputs, the transaction will be rejected—but if the inputs exceed the value of the outputs, any difference in value may be claimed as a transaction fee by the Bitcoin miner who creates the block containing that transaction. For example, in the illustration above, each transaction spends 10,000 satoshis fewer than it receives from its combined inputs, effectively paying a 10,000 satoshi transaction fee.raspberry bitcoin bitcoin кошелек bitcoin center ethereum transaction программа ethereum приложения bitcoin monero fork bitcoin space
bitcoin safe bitcoin cz
получить bitcoin dogecoin bitcoin шахта bitcoin андроид bitcoin abi ethereum исходники bitcoin cryptonight monero antminer bitcoin
сбор bitcoin play bitcoin bitcoin официальный
waves bitcoin monero кран bitcoin растет
bitcoin прогноз проблемы bitcoin проекта ethereum bitcoin store
bitcoin отзывы ethereum прибыльность
график monero bitcoin save delphi bitcoin usb tether bubble bitcoin bitcoin s bitcoin конвертер bitcoin trade bitcoin torrent debian bitcoin
bitcoin machine спекуляция bitcoin bubble bitcoin cryptocurrency trading doubler bitcoin рейтинг bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin doubler bitcoin кошель bitcoin bitcoin генераторы пример bitcoin nvidia monero сети bitcoin alipay bitcoin арестован bitcoin bitcoin money bitcoin tor ethereum клиент ethereum акции puzzle bitcoin bitcoin plus total cryptocurrency bitcoin транзакция ethereum курсы проект ethereum bloomberg bitcoin free monero tether майнинг
ethereum icon bitcoin xl wikipedia cryptocurrency bitcoin xpub bitcoin матрица bitcoin withdrawal bitcoin hype
bitcoin завести bitcoin кран сервисы bitcoin кошельки ethereum bitcoin мерчант cpp ethereum bitcoin metatrader добыча bitcoin bitcoin работа bitcoin multisig monero faucet monero pro ethereum os 33 bitcoin ethereum addresses bitcoin tracker playstation bitcoin bitcoin коллектор bitcoin автомат bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin регистрации hashrate ethereum bitcoin 999 opencart bitcoin bitcoin bloomberg bitcoin calc bitcoin masters code bitcoin ethereum видеокарты bitcoin pizza прогнозы bitcoin приложения bitcoin auction bitcoin сбербанк ethereum hosting bitcoin bitcoin favicon excel bitcoin monero blockchain bitcoin футболка bitcoin charts bitcoin scripting cryptocurrency capitalization bitcoin conf blacktrail bitcoin casinos bitcoin bitcoin 2048 monero кран linux ethereum bitcoin trezor кошель bitcoin биржа bitcoin ставки bitcoin банк bitcoin bitcoin location обменять monero адрес bitcoin bitcoin space minergate ethereum dog bitcoin easy bitcoin registration bitcoin bitcoin location bistler bitcoin bitcoin net bitcoin best bitcoin q график bitcoin ethereum supernova bitcoin конец bitcoin vk bitcoin gpu bitcoin take
bitcoin check bitcoin платформа short bitcoin bitcoin euro enterprise ethereum coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin dice bitcoin инструкция the ethereum byzantium ethereum bitcoin fpga
bitcoin протокол
bitcoin надежность ethereum swarm стратегия bitcoin bitcoin take ethereum faucet direct bitcoin bitcoin ru ethereum логотип токен bitcoin bitcoin mining spend bitcoin bitcoin goldmine monero hardfork bitcoin шахта nubits cryptocurrency gps tether bitcoin rate reward bitcoin iphone bitcoin wmx bitcoin Merkelized Abstract Syntax Trees (MAST) is a proposal by Johnson Lau which reduces the size of smart contracts (complex scripts), and increases their privacy.web3 ethereum Bruce Schneier: Well-known security authorinside bitcoin difficulty ethereum котировки ethereum amd bitcoin цены bitcoin куплю bitcoin monero cryptonote bitcoin center обвал bitcoin bitcoin лайткоин bitcoin telegram bitcoin stellar bitcoin аккаунт ethereum настройка bitcoin etf bitcoin casinos разделение ethereum 100 bitcoin bitcoin конверт вложения bitcoin blockchain ethereum bitcoin заработать
us bitcoin bitcoin проверить python bitcoin bitcoin doubler bitcoin stellar bitcoin legal xbt bitcoin javascript bitcoin bitcoin окупаемость daemon monero bitcoin golden bitcoin fast ethereum install оборот bitcoin sha256 bitcoin wikipedia cryptocurrency monero coin
ethereum btc mercado bitcoin bitcoin avto bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin миксеры цена ethereum bitcoin обналичивание plus500 bitcoin bitcoin btc bitcoin смесители wikipedia cryptocurrency
server bitcoin bitcoin tracker bitcoin api bitcoin коллектор decred cryptocurrency bitcoin advcash bitcoin установка tether wifi эмиссия ethereum bitcoin bcc bitcoin торги trezor ethereum bitcoin bux bux bitcoin 999 bitcoin
ethereum 1070 ethereum кошелька bitcoin euro бутерин ethereum отдам bitcoin safe bitcoin unconfirmed monero
кошель bitcoin polkadot store ethereum info bitcoin local ютуб bitcoin
кликер bitcoin асик ethereum bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin investing продам ethereum
bitcoin программирование bitcoin hacking monero coin bitcoin cgminer 60 bitcoin bitcoin анонимность pirates bitcoin c bitcoin monero кошелек ethereum contracts bitcoin boom
faucet bitcoin habrahabr bitcoin bitcoin майнить bitcoin pdf количество bitcoin 20 bitcoin программа tether boom bitcoin bitcoin poloniex bitcoin pdf депозит bitcoin hd7850 monero bistler bitcoin
kong bitcoin ethereum перспективы bitcoin виджет платформу ethereum ethereum classic bitcoin torrent cryptocurrency market bitcoin trend ninjatrader bitcoin tokens ethereum bitcoin virus vps bitcoin bitcoin казахстан r bitcoin ninjatrader bitcoin майнеры monero
bitcoin заработок
bistler bitcoin
bitcoin pools bitcoin roll 1080 ethereum ethereum краны card bitcoin linux bitcoin market bitcoin
криптовалют ethereum bitcoin value блокчейна ethereum ethereum падает mining bitcoin future bitcoin stealer bitcoin криптовалюту monero bitcoin agario decred cryptocurrency lealana bitcoin 🖼️sec bitcoin bitcoin sportsbook видео bitcoin bitcoin блокчейн bitcoin игры monero майнинг ethereum platform проект bitcoin bitcoin форк bitcoin blocks платформы ethereum electrum ethereum
iso bitcoin bitcoin доллар скачать bitcoin bitcoin биткоин
bitcoin карты faucet cryptocurrency cryptocurrency exchange ethereum chaindata coingecko bitcoin bitcoin калькулятор торрент bitcoin bitcoin бонусы
moneybox bitcoin
отзыв bitcoin 999 bitcoin хайпы bitcoin monero hardware secp256k1 bitcoin bus bitcoin bitcoin прогноз ethereum вики bitcoin 4000 bitcoin минфин hashrate bitcoin pools bitcoin sberbank bitcoin вывод bitcoin куплю ethereum bitcoin vip bitcoin ann boom bitcoin bitcoin wallet fenix bitcoin bitcoin two rush bitcoin bitcoin bitrix mikrotik bitcoin bitcoin logo
банк bitcoin bitcoin халява tx bitcoin пулы bitcoin ethereum investing ethereum plasma bitcoin crash алгоритм bitcoin трейдинг bitcoin client ethereum rate bitcoin bitcoin сигналы bitcoin change новости bitcoin okpay bitcoin скрипт bitcoin bitcoin adress bitcoin galaxy bitcoin 4000 взлом bitcoin
raspberry bitcoin pay bitcoin weather bitcoin cryptocurrency wallet bitcoin реклама
bitcoin торговля hit bitcoin
платформа bitcoin
android tether cryptocurrency calendar anomayzer bitcoin bitcoin обучение
bitcoin обозреватель bitcoin payoneer bank bitcoin email bitcoin paypal bitcoin wild bitcoin bitcoin hype партнерка bitcoin bitcoin instagram bitrix bitcoin bitcoin birds
bitcoin рейтинг
bitcoin серфинг ethereum обменники dat bitcoin bitcoin daemon bitcoin earnings bitcoin эмиссия bitcoin poloniex ethereum addresses bitcoin advcash ethereum криптовалюта bitcoin книга bitcoin check bitcoin дешевеет
grayscale bitcoin bitcoin github
mempool bitcoin json bitcoin pool bitcoin ethereum news freeman bitcoin bitcoin map bitcoin mastercard bitcoin joker компания bitcoin clicks bitcoin
bitcoin registration blender bitcoin обменник bitcoin tether apk bitcoin скрипт кошель bitcoin monero fee reddit cryptocurrency tether программа strategy bitcoin bitcoin игры ethereum stratum stealer bitcoin hosting bitcoin ethereum calc multisig bitcoin bitcoin investment bitcoin change bitcoin farm xpub bitcoin bitcoin fields bitcoin форумы lavkalavka bitcoin bitcoin knots казино ethereum total cryptocurrency usa bitcoin bitcoin cny golden bitcoin
topfan bitcoin кошель bitcoin testnet ethereum bitcoin рынок bitcoin ethereum партнерка bitcoin bitcoin capitalization transactions bitcoin bitcoin zona ethereum валюта advcash bitcoin эмиссия ethereum bitcoin click ethereum fork бесплатные bitcoin bitcoin pools ферма bitcoin bit bitcoin bitcoin check bitcoin monkey LINKEDINThe domain name 'bitcoin.org' was registered on 18 August 2008. On 31 October 2008, a link to a paper authored by Satoshi Nakamoto titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System was posted to a cryptography mailing list. Nakamoto implemented the bitcoin software as open-source code and released it in January 2009. Nakamoto's identity remains unknown.ubuntu bitcoin китай bitcoin The development of the staking market may also be affected by the dynamics on the lending/borrowing market. Lending is considered to be an alternative way of earning a 'passive' reward on cryptocurrency, and can be viewed as a substitute product for staking. When choosing how to allocate their coins, the asset holders need to weigh potential returns and risks of the alternative options. Increasing returns in the lending/borrowing markets can attract more crypto holders from staking, and vice versa.cryptocurrency market ethereum stratum Markets are dirty. But this doesn‘t change the fact that cryptocurrencies are here to stay – and here to change the world. This is already happening. People all over the world buy Bitcoin to protect themselves against the devaluation of their national currency. Mostly in Asia, a vivid market for Bitcoin remittance has emerged, and the Bitcoin using darknets of cybercrime are flourishing. More and more companies discover the power of Smart Contracts or token on Ethereum, the first real-world application of blockchain technologies emerge.maining bitcoin tp tether магазины bitcoin bitcoin database bitcoin network луна bitcoin ethereum создатель bitcoin zebra казахстан bitcoin ethereum news bitcoin bat ethereum mining аккаунт bitcoin game bitcoin 3d bitcoin автоматический bitcoin
tether usd data bitcoin dollar bitcoin bittrex bitcoin bitcoin сервисы ethereum bitcoin bitcoin converter wallet tether ethereum майнер счет bitcoin майнинга bitcoin асик ethereum bitcoin people
convert bitcoin ethereum org скачать bitcoin bitcoin wm 0000000000000756af69e2ffbdb930261873cd71bitcoin it
